1because + 原因从句 (reason clause)
2since + 已知原因 (known reason)
3as + 原因从句 (reason clause, formal)
4as a result + 结果句 (result)
5consequently + 结果 (formal result)
6therefore + 结果 (logical conclusion)
7however + 转折 (contrast adverb)
8nevertheless + 让步转折 (despite that)
9on the other hand + 另一面 (balanced contrast)
10moreover + 递进补充 (formal addition)
11in addition + 补充 (passive: is located)
12furthermore + 进一步补充 (academic addition)
13such as + 具体例子 (examples within a sentence)
14for instance + 完整例句 (a full example sentence)
15for example + 完整例句 (near-synonym of for instance)
16whereas + 对比从句 (formal direct contrast)
17while + 对比 (contrast; can also mean "during")
18although + 让步从句 (concessive clause)
19despite + 名词短语 (preposition, no clause)
20in spite of + -ing/名词 (= despite)
21regardless of + 名词 (= no matter what)
22as long as + 条件 (positive condition)
23provided that + 条件 (formal "as long as")
24unless + 否定条件 (= if not)
25not only … but also (并列 — 形容词)
26either … or … (二选一，并列动词)
27both … and … (两者都 — 并列主语)
28otherwise + 负面后果 (formal "or else")
29or else + 负面后果 (more spoken)
30or + 负面后果 (shortest form)